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汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式(shi)一般有(you)(you)以下幾種：前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FR)、前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FF)、后置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(RR)、中置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(MR)、四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式(shi)，是(shi)指發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)及驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)數量、位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)形式(shi)。國內外大(da)(da)(da)多數貨車(che)(che)(含皮(pi)卡)、部(bu)分轎車(che)(che)(尤其是(shi)轎車(che)(che))和(he)部(bu)分客車(che)(che)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)，但(dan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該型式(shi)的(de)小型車(che)(che)很少。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，又稱(cheng)四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，是(shi)指汽(qi)車(che)(che)前(qian)(qian)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)都有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。一般用(yong)(yong)4X4或(huo)4WD來表示，如(ru)果你看見(jian)一輛車(che)(che)上標有(you)(you)上述字樣，那就表示該車(che)(che)輛擁(yong)有(you)(you)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)功(gong)能。這(zhe)種總布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形式(shi)，由(you)于全(quan)部(bu)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)都是(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，充分利用(yong)(yong)了汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)全(quan)部(bu)附著(zhu)質(zhi)量，因(yin)此汽(qi)車(che)(che)有(you)(you)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)和(he)克服(fu)障礙、防止(zhi)打滑的(de)能力(li)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)以，越野(ye)汽(qi)車(che)(che)一般都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種總布置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形式(shi)。而且，由(you)于全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)有(you)(you)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，加速性好(hao)，20世紀80年代(dai)以來一些轎車(che)(che)和(he)旅(lv)行轎車(che)(che)也(ye)紛(fen)紛(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，成為所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂的(de)“多用(yong)(yong)途運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)（SUV）”，受到不(bu)少美國年輕人(ren)的(de)喜愛，形成了'4WD'熱潮(chao)。但(dan)是(shi)，全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)結構復雜，成本高，在好(hao)路上行駛時燃(ran)料消耗大(da)(da)(da)，輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)和(he)機件的(de)磨損大(da)(da)(da)。

ESC、TCS系統(tong)通過控制(zhi)(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出和制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)來(lai)保證(zheng)平穩駕(jia)駛(shi)，以(yi)損失動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)作為安全保證(zheng)以(yi)防止超越物(wu)理極限；AWD控制(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)調整(zheng)每(mei)個車(che)輪(lun)的(de)扭矩輸(shu)出，在不干涉發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出的(de)情況(kuang)下提(ti)高了物(wu)理極限，保證(zheng)你全天候的(de)駕(jia)駛(shi)樂趣。車(che)輛(liang)的(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)有FWD(Front-Wheel Drive）、RWD(Rear-Wheel Drive）、4WD(Four-Wheel Drive）和AWD(All-Wheel Drive）。我們(men)先(xian)來(lai)看看這幾(ji)種驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)。前輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（FWD）：今天占轎車(che)產品的(de)70%的(de)經(jing)濟型及(ji)中級轎車(che)都采用了前輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。就像(xiang)名字所暗示的(de)，只(zhi)有前輪(lun)傳遞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。安裝在前部的(de)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)直接傳輸(shu)到前輪(lun)，提(ti)高了牽引效(xiao)率，60%～70%的(de)重量集中在轎車(che)前部，提(ti)供(gong)了更好的(de)冰雪(xue)穩定性，但前輪(lun)要承受75%的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而且在急加速(su)時(shi)車(che)身后移(yi)，就會造成(cheng)加速(su)延遲，在操控上也存在著(zhu)轉向過度和后輪(lun)打滑現象(xiang)。

輪(lun)體、支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)軸(zhou)、軸(zhou)套、密(mi)封圈、端蓋等相關部件構成(cheng)。支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)單邊(bian)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)與雙(shuang)邊(bian)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)；挖掘機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)與推土(tu)機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)，挖掘機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)一般是黑色油漆，推土(tu)機(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)一般是黃(huang)色油漆

支(zhi)重輪輪體材(cai)料一(yi)般(ban)50Mn、40Mn2、等材(cai)料，主要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝鑄造(zao)或鍛造(zao)，機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，然后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)熱(re)處理，輪子表面淬火(huo)后(hou)(hou)的硬度要(yao)達到HRC45~52，以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)輪子表面的耐磨性(xing)。支(zhi)重輪軸的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度要(yao)求比較高，一(yi)般(ban)是需要(yao)數控機床進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)才能達到要(yao)求。材(cai)料以(yi)(yi)40Mn2較多(duo)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)也要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)淬火(huo)熱(re)處理，硬度達到HRC42左右(you)